This book chapter focuses on sexual assaults that involve completed or attempted physical contacts against an adult, focusing primarily on female victims. National studies of victimization are relied upon to examine the incidence and prevalence of rape in the United States, and the authors also take an in-depth look at rape in the military, prison, and in the intersections of gender and race. Definition issues, rape myths, the causes of rape, and society’s response to rape and rapists are discussed.